Creating a Pamphlet for College Students on Pregnancy Coursework

Making a Pamphlet for College Students on Pregnancy - Coursework Example The fundamental segments that are required for a sound pre-natal period are the womans mental and physical wellbeing. The progressions that the womans body experiences during this period will require standard mental and physical pre-natal registration by an expert social insurance supplier, just as a fitting activity program (Fetal Development). Physical wellbeing is indispensable, and appropriate pre-birth sustenance is fundamental for sound fetal turn of events (Civitas). The lady should counsel proficient data to guarantee she is getting the sufficient admission amounts of folic corrosive, iron, protein, liquids, and calcium (Civitas). Moreover, there might be nourishments that should be decreased and substances, for example, liquor and tobacco, which should be wiped out. All in all, dangerous sexual conduct that occasionally describes a school way of life may bring about an undesirable pregnancy. The couple ought to be genuinely prepared and the lady ought to be truly arranged. The pre-natal period ought to incorporate appropriate nourishment, satisfactory exercise, and absolute forbearance from substances that can influence the solid improvement of the

Gouverneur K. Warren - Civil War - Major General - Union Army

Gouverneur K. Warren - Civil War - Major General - Union Army Gouverneur K. Warren - Early Life Career: Conceived at Cold Spring, NY on January 8, 1830, Gouverneur K. Warren was named for a nearby Congressman and industrialist.â Raised locally, his more youthful sister, Emily, later wedded Washington Roebling and assumed a key job in the structure of the Brooklyn Bridge.â A solid understudy, Warren acquired admission to West Point in 1846.â Traveling a short separation down the Hudson River, he kept on showing his scholarly aptitudes as a cadet.â Graduating second in the Class of 1850, Warren got a commission as a brevet second lieutenant in the Corps of Topographical Engineers.â In this job, he voyaged west and supported in ventures along the Mississippi River just as helped plan courses for railways. Filling in as a designer on Brigadier General William Harneys staff in 1855, Warren previously experienced battle at the Battle of Ash Hollow during the First Sioux War.â In the wake of the contention, he kept on reviewing the grounds west of the Mississippi with the objective of deciding a course for the cross-country railroad.â Ranging through the Nebraska Territory, which included pieces of cutting edge Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana, Warren made the principal point by point maps of the locale as wellâ as broadly overviewed the Minnesota River Valley.â Gouverneur K. Warren -  The Civil War Begins: A first lieutenant, Warren had returned east by 1861 and filled a post at West Point educating mathematics.â With the start of the Civil War in April, he left the foundation and started supporting in raising a neighborhood regiment of volunteers.â Successful, Warren was named lieutenant colonel of the fifth New York Infantry on May 14.â Ordered to Fortress Monroe, the regiment partook in Major General Benjamin Butlers rout at the Battle of Big Bethel on June 10.â Sent to Baltimore in late July, theâ regiment helped in developing strongholds on Federal Hill.â In September, following the advancement of the fifth New Yorks administrator, Colonel Abram Duryã ©e, to brigadier general, Warren accepted order of the regiment with the position of colonel. Coming back to the Peninsula in the spring of 1862, Warren progressed with Major General George B. McClellans Army of the Potomac and participated in the Siege of Yorktown.â During this time, he often helped the armys boss geological designer, Brigadier General Andrew A. Humphreys, by leading surveillance missions and drafting maps.â As the crusade advanced, Warren accepted commandâ of a detachment in Brigadier General George Sykes division of V Corps.â On June 27, he continued an injury in the leg during the Battle of Gaines Mill, yet stayed in command.â As the Seven Days Battles advanced he againâ saw activity at the Battle of Malvern Hill where his men supported in repulsing Confederate assaults.â Gouverneur K. Warren -  Ascent to Command:â With the disappointment of the Peninsula Campaign, Warrens detachment returned north and saw activity at the Second Battle of Manassas in late August.â In the battling, his men were driven back by an enormous attack from Major General James Longstreets corps.â Recovering, Warren and his order were available the next month at the Battle of Antietam however stayed for possible later use during the fighting.â Promoted to brigadier general on September 26, he kept on driving his unit and came back to battle in December during the Union thrashing at the Battle of Fredericksburg.â With the climb of Major General Joseph Hooker to order of the Army of the Potomac inâ early 1863, Warren got a task as the armys boss land engineer.â This before long observed him advance to become theâ armys boss architect. In May, Warren saw activity at the Battle of Chancellorsvilleâ and thoughâ it brought about a stunningâ victory for General Robert E. Lees Army of Northern Virginia, he was praised for his exhibition in the campaign.â As Lee started moving north to attack Pennsylvania, Warren prompted Hooker on the best courses for blocking the enemy.â When Major General George G. Meade succeeded Hooker on June 28, he proceeded toâ help direct the armys movements.â As the two armed forces conflicted at the Battle of Gettysburgâ on July 2, Warren perceived the significance of the statures at Little Round Top which was arranged off the Union left.â Racing Union powers to the slope, his endeavors just forestalled Confederateâ troops from seizing theâ heights and turning Meades flank.â In the battling, Colonel Joshua L. Chamberlains twentieth Maine broadly held the line against the attackers.  In acknowledgment for his activities at Gettysburg, Warren got an advancement to signif icant general on August 8. Gouverneur K. Warren - Corps Commander: With this advancement, Warren accepted order of II Corps as Major General Winfield S. Hancock had been severely injured at Gettysburg.â In October, he drove the corps to triumph over Lieutenant General A.P. Slope at the Battle of Bristoe Station and demonstrated expertise and discretionâ a month later during the Mine Run Campaign.  In the spring of 1864, Hancock came back to deployment ready and the Army of the Potomac redesigned under direction of Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Award and Meade.  As a piece of this, Warren got order of V Corps on March 23.  With the start of the Overland Campaign in May, his men saw broad taking on during the Conflicts of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania Court House.  As Grant pushed south, Warren and the armys mounted force officer, Major General Philip Sheridan, repeatedlyâ clashed as the last felt that the V Corps pioneer was excessively wary.  â â â As the militaries drew nearer to Richmond, Warrens corps again observed activity at Cold Harbor before moving further south to enter the Siege of Petersburg.  In a push to compel the circumstance, Grant and Meade started expanding Union lines south and west.  Moving as a major aspect of these activities, Warren prevailed upon a triumph Hill at the Battle of Globe Tavern in August.  A month later, he made another progress in the battling around Peebles Farm.  During this time, Warrens relationship with Sheridan remained strained.â In February 1865, he saw considerable activity at the Battle of Hatchers Run.â Following the Confederate thrashing at the Battle of Fort Stedman in late March 1865, Grant educated Sheridan to strike Confederate powers at the key junction of Five Forks.  In spite of the fact that Sheridan mentioned Major General Horatio G. Wrights VI Corps bolster the activity, Grant rather relegated V Corps as it was better situated.  Aware of Sheridans issues with Warren, the Union head allowed the previous to calm him if the circumstance justified.  Attacking on April 1, Sheridan adequately crushed foe powers drove by Major General George Pickett at the Battle of Five Forks.  In the battling, he accepted that V Corps moved too gradually and that Warren was out of position.  Immediately after the fight, Sheridan assuaged Warren and supplanted him with Major General Charles Griffin.  Gouverneur K. Warren - Later Career: Quickly sent to lead the Department of Mississippi, an angry Warren surrendered his bonus as a significant general of volunteers on May 27 and returned to his position of major of designers in the customary armed force.  Serving in the Corps of Engineers for the following seventeen years, he worked along the Mississippi River and helped in the development of railways.  During this time, Warrenâ repeatedly mentioned a court of investigation into his activities at Five Forks with an end goal to clear his notoriety.  These were rejected until Grant went out.  Finally, in 1879, President Rutherford B. Hayes requested a court gathered.  After broad hearings and declaration, the court presumed that Sheridans activities had been unjustified.  Allocated to Newport, RI, Warren kicked the bucket there on August 8, 1882, a quarter of a year prior to the courts discoveries were officially distributed.  Only fifty-two, the reason for death was recorded as intense liver disappointment identified with diabetes.  As per his desires, he was covered locally in Island Cemetery with no military distinctions and wearing regular citizen garments.  Chosen Sources: Common War Trust: Gouverneur K. WarrenCivil War: Gouverneur K. WarrenNNDB: Gouverneur K. Warren

The Second Coming Vs. Things Fall Apart Essay Example For Students

The Second Coming Vs. Things Fall Apart Essay The bookThings Fall Apart , by Chinua Achebe , is fundamentally the same as thepoem , The Second Coming by William Butler Yeats. Acomparison of The Second Coming to Things Fall Apartwill show many comparing angles between both ofthese scholarly artful culminations. Seeing the line Things fall apartin the sonnet , Achebe makes an extraordinary affiliation. Atthis point in time he says to himself, I should name my bookThings Fall Apart , It will show the primary thought of the book. One of the many agreeing ideas between the two is thedaunted misgiving of both the sonnet and the book. InThings Fall Apart it appears at whatever point the principle character,Okonkwo, gains trust things happen to self-destruct . Thecontents of The Second Coming recounted a clamorous worldand a base that couldn't hold due to its own innerconflicts. In Addition to the equal inclination both thebook and the sonnet give, the two of them uncover an extraordinary move fromand old period to another time. The Second Coming uncovers anapocolypse. Yeats shows this change by depicting theconversions our reality, as a worldwide network, madethroughout history . Key lines that allude to these progressions intime are Turning and Turning in the extending gyre the falconcannot hear the falconer. These lines allude to the constantadjustments we need to make and furthermore the way that wecannot return in time . Chinua Achebe additionally uncovers amajor move by depicting Umuofa as it was initially. We will compose a custom exposition on The Second Coming Vs. Things Fall Apart explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now In depicting Umuofa as it was initially he makes it easierto notice the significant changes all through the story . Another matching thought in the two pieces is the penance ofsomething to maintain a strategic distance from changes that tag along . Okonkwoends his life if all else fails . In doing this he feels that hesaves his respect and legacy . He additionally executes himself to dodgethe agony and enduring that Christianity brought to his way of life . The Second Coming cautions us of an apocolypse . Theapocolypse is the finish of progress in our reality . Whatmakes the sonnet so interchangeable to the book is that in eithercase it is beyond the realm of imagination to expect to prevent the progressions from happening . A fourth concurring thought in The Second Coming andThings Fall Apart is the loss of control of a higher powerover a lower power . In Things Fall Apart Okonkwo attempts toteach Nwoye the old methods of their kin . He additionally attempts tomake his child not at all like Okonkwos father . Nwoye needed tobe his own man . He didnt need to need to satisfy theexpectations of his dad , Okonkwo . Nwoye takes on theways of Christianity in anticipation of a superior life . Okonkwo feelsdishonored by Nwoyes turn towards Christianity. Okonkwo now looks his child as he did his dad . Nwoyesmove to Christianity shows the loss of Okonkwos powerover his life . In The Second Coming the loss of control issymbolized by the line the bird of prey doesn't hear the falconer. Where the hawk is the image of the lesser force andthe falconer the image of the higher force . The line saysthat after time passes and changes happen powerschange . The last intelligent thought between the sonnet and thebook is the regard towards an unrivaled power . The superiorforce isn't generally an item that one can feel or hold in hisor her hand yet it could be as straightforward as a thought. Thesuperior power in The Second Coming was not theapocolypse however it was time . Time can't be delayed orturned back so whatever is done may never be changed . .u057a337fe5603be62bc2d8839b554803 , .u057a337fe5603be62bc2d8839b554803 .postImageUrl , .u057a337fe5603be62bc2d8839b554803 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u057a337fe5603be62bc2d8839b554803 , .u057a337fe5603be62bc2d8839b554803:hover , .u057a337fe5603be62bc2d8839b554803:visited , .u057a337fe5603be62bc2d8839b554803:active { border:0!important; } .u057a337fe5603be62bc2d8839b554803 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u057a337fe5603be62bc2d8839b554803 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u057a337fe5603be62bc2d8839b554803:active , .u057a337fe5603be62bc2d8839b554803:hover { mistiness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u057a337fe5603be62bc2d8839b554803 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: rel ative; } .u057a337fe5603be62bc2d8839b554803 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enrichment: underline; } .u057a337fe5603be62bc2d8839b554803 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u057a337fe5603be62bc2d8839b554803 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u057a337fe5603be62bc2d8839b554803:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u057a 337fe5603be62bc2d8839b554803 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u057a337fe5603be62bc2d8839b554803-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u057a337fe5603be62bc2d8839b554803:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The contender EssayTime doesn't permit the world to plan for The SecondComing , So all expectation is lost . The Superior power in ThingsFall Apart is the spread of Christianity . Christianity createsChaos in Umuofia . It makes all the individuals that were faithful totheir predecessors disregard where they were from . Theculture of the individuals in Umuofia was gradually put to extinctionby the spread of Christianity . Our reality changes from dayto day . All that we do now thinks about how the futurewill be . On the off chance that there is one idea one gains from comparingthese two fine abstract works . It is to not harp on mistakesin the past however to make them up by doing admirably later on . Chinua Achebe and William Butler Yeats make this ideaunderstandable to us by utilizing it in their masterpieces. Okonkwo new the finish of his way of life was coming so he triesto do whatever he can to stop it . After years ofhopelessness he at long last observes an exit plan through death . InThe Second Coming it is highly unlikely to prevent theapocolypse from happening . So the world becomeshelpless and succumbs to The Second Coming . Thestories that both the book and the sonnet told were of lifesend . Book Reports

Church and State Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Church and State - Assignment Example The wordings utilized by Jefferson in encircling the statement of autonomy uncovered the picture of somebody who in spite of the fact that knew about the directs of religion and God, was hesitant to grasp it (Hamburger 13). The laws of nature depend on the human comprehension of the world. They are not really incited by any strict affiliations however, on the off chance that they are, it is an oblivious tendency towards strict convictions. The laws of nature identify with a portion of the arrangements of religion. It is confounded that the likeness between the announcements of the establishing fathers and the goals of Christianity suggest that they were deliberately applied in adoration to God. A distrustful perspective on such decrees cast slanders on the utilization (Hamburger 120). It is reasonable thinking that in the event that it were a reality that the establishing fathers advocated Christianity, at that point its application could be clear in the Declaration of Independence. Normal rights are natural. Fundamentally, nature directs the best human activities. Frequently, the normal laws have similitudes with the precepts of Christianity (Hamburger 45). Within the sight of such a comparability, people might be confounded to accept that they buy in to the

Global Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Worldwide Trade - Essay Example th reference to the watchman, the administrations will be in a situation to pass global limitations that secures household businesses (The Guardian, pp. 1-3). Moreover, the legislatures will advance national security. It will be a methods for actualizing an international strategy focusing on foe states. As per Reimer, by interceding in exchange, the administrations are attempting to hold fast to the vital exchange approach (Reimer, pp. 1-50). By empowering household work, governments may raise their taxes to impact exchange. Also, they may utilize the key arrangements to alleviate impacts of large enterprises. It will help developing organizations locally. Governments may raise burdens on products that exchange with adversary nation to execute their international strategies (Reimer, pp. 1-50). Exchanging the past for the most part abided in exchange governmental issues. These days worldwide exchange has progressed and exchange laws have supplanted exchange legislative issues. Furthermore, exchange has changed slowly till these days nations exchange with a body called World Trade Organization managing the exercises. As indicated by Pauwelny, exchanging framework has created from power based to rules based exchange (Pauwelyn, pp. 1-20) Neediness is an issue that influences current worldwide exchanging. The significant reason for neediness is auxiliary changes by the World Bank. Also, the advances to underdeveloped nation are another issue in exchange. The credits sabotage improvements and diminish exchange

Treatment-Resistant Depression Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Treatment-Resistant Depression Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment Depression Types Print An Overview of Treatment-Resistant Depression Antidepressants dont always work By Amy Morin, LCSW facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our editorial policy Amy Morin, LCSW Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on March 12, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 30, 2020 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids Westend61 / Getty Images In This Article Table of Contents Expand Prevalence Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Coping View All Depression is usually managed with medication, therapy, or a combination of the two, and usually, symptoms resolve with treatment. But sometimes, symptoms don’t get better with typical treatment. Although definitions may vary, when two or more medications fail to provide expected relief, the disorder may be considered “treatment-resistant depression.” Treatment-resistant depression can be complex. Depression symptoms, such as sleep issues and appetite problems, may continue despite patient compliance with treatment. At other times, the symptoms resolve briefly but come back. Its important to remember that even if depression does not respond to the first couple of treatments, that doesnt mean it cannot be treated. But it  may require a different approach to treatment. You should work with your doctor to monitor your symptoms and response to treatment so that you can find an option that works for you. Prevalence Studies have found that 30% to 40% of people only experience a partial remission of depressive symptoms after taking antidepressants.?? Approximately 10% to 15% of people dont respond to antidepressant treatments at all. Consequences for people with treatment-resistant depression can be significant. It’s associated with poor social functioning, medical comorbidity, and increased mortality. Untreated depression is also a common cause of disability, so it’s important to continue trying to find strategies that can bring relief. People with untreated depression have a lifetime suicide risk of 2% to 15%. Symptoms Symptoms of treatment-resistant depression can include: A lack of response to medication or psychotherapy treatmentNot enough of a response to standard depression treatmentsBrief improvements followed by a return of depressive symptoms Because standard treatments do not work well or at all, people may begin to experience profound hopelessness. Symptoms can drag on for months without feeling any relief or improvement in mood.   Symptoms of Clinical Depression Causes Doctors and researchers are not entirely sure what causes treatment-resistant depression. Some theories include: Genetics: Researchers believe that inherited characteristics may play a role in how peoples bodies respond to different antidepressants. While some genes have been associated with treatment-resistant depression, further research is needed to identify genetic biomarkers.??  Misdiagnosis: Poor response to standard depression treatments can also occur when people have been incorrectly diagnosed with depression. While they may have symptoms of major depressive disorder, they may actually have a different condition such as bipolar disorder.Metabolic abnormalities: Some research has suggested that metabolic disorders may cause nutritional deficiencies that can play a role in treatment-resistant depression. One study found, for example, that folate (vitamin B9) deficiency was more common in people with depression resistant to treatment.?? Further research in this area is needed to determine the exact impact of metabolic conditions. Diagnosis If you have been treated for depression but your symptoms have not improved, you should talk to your doctor. Treatment-resistant depression is not an official diagnosis included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), nor is it consistently defined. Some experts suggest that it is defined as having tried two different antidepressants without relief, while others suggest that it can take as many as four different treatments before depression should be identified as resistant. In any case, you should always talk to your doctor about your symptoms and concerns. If you have not experienced any relief, only minimal relief, or a complete return of symptoms, you may need a different type of antidepressant. Your doctor may: Review the treatments that you have tried so farConsider the type of response you have shown to treatmentsAssess your current physical health and consider underlying medical conditionsConsider a diagnosis of other psychiatric disordersEvaluate other medications and supplements you are currently taking If your doctor believes that you have treatment-resistant depression, they may recommend a different dosage, medication, or treatment approach. Your doctor may also refer you to a psychiatrist for additional treatment advice and options. Treatment While estimates vary, it is believed that anywhere 30% to 50% of patients with depression may not respond to a particular antidepressant medication. Before a physician or psychiatrist will consider a medication a treatment failure, they will consider the following questions: How long was the medication administered? Most antidepressants take four to six weeks to reach their full effect. Before declaring a treatment is not working, providers will want to ensure that the medication has been taken long enough to be effective.How closely did the patient adhere to the prescription? A prescription is usually only considered to be “adhered to” if it is taken according to the prescription at least 80% of the time. A few missed doses could greatly impact the ability of a medication to be effective. So before determining if a medication is a failure, a doctor will want to know if a patient has been compliant. Sometimes, doctors do pill counts or take other steps to monitor a patient’s medication.Is the medication at a therapeutic dose? Sometimes medications are started at a low dose to minimize risk or side effects. As it’s tolerated, the dosage may be increased slowly. A physician will want to ensure the dosage is at a therapeutic level before determining whether the treatment is a failure. The Best Online Help Resources for Depression Medications If a psychiatrist determines that your current medication is a failure, there are some other treatment options that affect brain chemistry in a different way. Those options include: Prescribing a different antidepressant. Just because one antidepressant doesn’t work doesn’t mean there aren’t any medication options. Sometimes physicians switch a patient to a different medication within the same class such as from Prozac (fluoxetine) to Zoloft (sertraline), or from one class to a different oneâ€"for example, from Celexa (citalopram) to Wellbutrin (bupropion) to see if a different medication has the desired effect.Changing to another type of antidepressant. Sometimes it’s helpful to switch from one class of antidepressant to another. Changing from a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) to a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), for example, may be helpful because they affect chemicals in the brain differently.Adding an additional type of medication. If antidepressants aren’t working, your doctor may add a different type of medication (known as augmentation). Some antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, or antianxiety drugs, for example, may be used in con junction with an antidepressant. Abilify (aripiprazole), Seroquel (quetiapine), and Zyprexa (olanzapine) are just a few examples of medications that may be used in conjunction with an antidepressant. How to Know Which Antidepressant Is Right for You Talk Therapy If you arent already attending therapy, a referral may be made to a mental health professional who offers it. While there are many different types of psychotherapy that have been found to be beneficial in depression, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been found to be especially effective for treatment-resistant depression. Patients attending CBT may learn a variety of skills to manage their symptoms and improve their functioning. The goals of CBT often involve reframing negative thoughts, problem-solving, increasing social interaction, and increasing activity level. CBT may also help reduce sleep problems. Some other types of therapy that may also be helpful include interpersonal therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, and group psychotherapy. Other Treatment Options When medication and therapy aren’t reducing depression, your doctor may decide to turn to other treatment options. Here are some additional procedures that may be effective for treatment-resistant depression: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): Perhaps the most effective treatment for resistant depression is ECT. ECT is a procedure that is usually administered under general anesthesia. Electric currents are passed through the brain triggering a brief seizure. It seems to cause changes in brain chemistry that can reduce depression (and reverse symptoms of other mental illnesses). Although it is generally considered safe, it can have side effects such as some short-term memory loss as well as some physical side effects. ECT is often initially administered two to three times per week for a total of six to 12 sessions.Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS):  VNS is a surgical procedure that involves implanting a  pacemaker-like device in the body. It is attached to a stimulating wire that is threaded along the vagus nerve, which is thought to influence an area of the brain that regulates mood. Once implanted, the device delivers regular impulses to the brain via the vagus nerve. It can take several month s for the effects to be felt.Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): rTMS involves using a magnet to stimulate certain areas of the brain. It has been used since 1985 and is being increasingly utilized, but there isn’t a lot of data available on the long-term success rate.Ketamine: A type of anesthetic agent administered intravenously, ketamine has been found to be a potentially rapidly effective agent that can result in an improvement of depressive symptoms. Issues remain around how to sustain its effect long term.Spravato (esketamine) nasal spray: The newest FDA approved option for treatment-resistant depression is a fast-acting nasal spray called esketamine. It is one of the two molecules that make up ketamine. Like ketamine, it needs to be administered under close observation of a doctor.   Coping Dealing with treatment-resistant depression can be difficult for a number of reasons. Not only are you coping with persistent symptoms of depression, but you are also struggling with the difficulty in treating your condition. Some of the things you can do that can help: Follow your treatment plan. Even if it feels like you arent experiencing improvements, its important to take your medication as prescribed and attend recommended therapy sessions. Both therapy and antidepressants take time to work.Find ways to manage your stress. Unhappiness and stress that stems from areas of your life such as relationships, work, school, and finances can also contribute to feelings of depression. Stress management techniques such as meditation, journaling, progressive muscle relaxation, and yoga may provide some benefits and relief.Avoid drugs and alcohol. Substance use can not only worsen symptoms of depression; it can also cause interactions with your antidepressant medications. Always talk to your doctor about any substances, other medications, or even natural supplements that you are taking.Practice good self-care. While it can be difficult to do when you are feeling depressed, caring for yourself by eating healthy, sleeping enough, and exercising regularly may help you better manage your symptoms. A Word From Verywell If you or a loved one is experiencing depression and medication isn’t working, don’t give up. Talk to your physician or psychiatrist about other treatment options. It may take several attempts to find something that works well for you, but it’s important to keep trying so that you can experience relief from your symptoms. 8 Tips for Coping With Depression

A Perfect Score on the New PSAT is a...1520

Did you score a 1520 on the October 2015 PSAT? If so, then congrats--you got a perfect score.The College Board had indicated that the new PSAT would be scored out of 1600 points, but it has recently reversed course and decided to make 1520 the highest score. It has also tinkered with the scores and percentiles by scaling them both upward, most likely in an effort to make the SAT a less intimidating test and to compete with the ACT, the College Board's rival exam. This is welcome news for those of you who are considering taking the new SAT! It used to be that the PSAT was scored out of 1600 points, and the SAT was scored out of 1600 points. Made sense. Later, the PSAT had 2400 points, and the SAT was out of 2400 points too. Also made sense. To get a sense of what SAT percentiles used to look like on both the 1600 and 2400-point scoring scales, check out this table. Now, however, the PSAT is out of 1520 and the SAT is out of 1600. Here is a sample PSAT score report so you can get an id ea.You should also examine the new SAT / new ACT / old SAT concordance tables recently published by the College Board, which better explain the relationship between the scoring scales of each exam, including the old 1600-point SAT that geezers like me took decades ago, meaning that you can directly compare your scores to those of your parents.Scoring the new PSAT and the new SAT on two different scales doesn't make much sense to me from a SAT score prediction standpoint, especially for high-scoring students, but hey, that's just how it is--the decision has already been made. Read the college board's explanation here.For decades now, the SAT and ACT have been fighting a battle royale. Lately, the ACT has been winning--becoming the more popular exam--because the SAT has had a (well-earned) reputation as the tougher test. Unfortunately, this "thinning of the ranks" has had the effect of making the smaller pool of SAT test-takers even more competitive, driving down percentiles even furt her, which explains the appeal of the ACT, which has more test-takers and is less competitive, thus providing an easier avenue to a high-percentile score.The good news is the the College Board has apparently realized this, and has thus decided to raise SAT scores and SAT percentiles across the board. Why? Because curving SAT scores upward by 5-10% allows SAT percentiles to become more directly comparable to those on the ACT.So what does this mean for you? First of all, to state the obvious, if you're a high-scoring student, then it means that your PSAT score might be a bit lower than your SAT score would be, since the PSAT is capped at a 1520. It also means that the percentiles will be higher than usual. A score of 1170 on the PSAT (typically around 75%) is 87% on this year's test, for example. And a score of 1360 (typically around 94%) is 99/98% on this year's PSAT.How did this happen? On purpose, of course, and by using some fancy wording. As usual when dealing with a large compan y, you have to read the fine print. The College Board is no longer giving you an actual percentile of test takers, because it is aware that the SAT is a harder test than the ACT, and as a result, the pool of SAT test-takers becomes more competitive every year. So the Board is giving you something called a "Nationally Representative Sample Percentile" instead, which to me just sounds like a fancy way to raise everyone's percentile scores so high school students won't be afraid of the new SAT. It's actually a great business idea on the College Board's part to "adjust" SAT percentiles to make them comparable to those on the ACT, since SAT percentiles have been lagging behind their ACT counterparts for more than a decade now. (I have able to personally verify this through my own private tutoring practice by comparing the SAT and ACT percentiles of students who take both exams.)The College Board is now giving students two percentiles--a "Nationally Representative Sample Percentile," and a "User Percentile," both of which are very lawyerly in their descriptions, and both of which serve as creative ways to inflate SAT scores.Please note: as far as I can tell, the SAT is putting a much stronger emphasis on the "Nationally Representative Sample Percentile" than on "The User Percentile -- Nation." For example, the PDF versions of PSAT score reports do not mention the user percentile whatsoever, although the detailed online score reports do. The user percentile is normally a few percentage points below the NRSP, depending on where you scored.Here is what is currently written on the College Board website, word for word, so you can see for yourself (emphasis mine):"The Nationally Representative Sample percentile shows how your score compares to the scores of all U.S. students in a particular grade, including those who dont typically take the test. The User Percentile Nation shows how your score compares to the scores of only some U.S. students in a particular grade, a gro up limited to students who typically take the test."Translation: "we're bumping up your SAT scores and percentiles, in order to reflect the reality that only higher-scoring students tend to choose the SAT. New SAT percentiles will be directly comparable to ACT percentiles, so please don't be afraid of our test."Also, don't forget that you can log onto your College Board account to check your PSAT scores and review every question on the October 2015 PSAT.

The First Modern Art Movement Of The Twentieth Century

Prior to and after the war there were many new art forms and movements that were emerging across Europe. Generally these were not widely accepted by the public they were new and strove to push against the conventions and expectations of what society classed as, and applied to, art. Fauvism was the first of these, it sprang up in 1905 in France and though it was short lived it was to be the first modern art movement of the twentieth century in style and attitude. The movement was made up of numerous individual styles but the use of bold colour was the unifying element among the Fauve members. There was a heavy influence of impressionism within the work created and their subject matter were images of contemporary life which they showed†¦show more content†¦Another of these movements that quickly followed was Futurism this started in 1909 in Italy. Futurists aspired for a new world order and they hoped to achieve this through the dismantling of the status quo. Their aims were t he destruction of museums and libraries and the glorification of machinery, speed and violence they celebrated and promoted the new age of industry and supported the war, hoping this would help to carve the pathway to the new world they craved ’we wish to glorify war, the only hygiene of the world.’ Understandably due to their beliefs many of the artists and people involved with this group signed up quickly for the war their work aimed to evoke a range of feelings and sensation not simply what the eye could see. Their work aimed to bring to mind the heat, violence and colour of the modern world, it was the visual realisation of dynamism, of speed and ferocity represented by the vivid colours and the integration of objects and figures with their backgrounds. Understandably it was easy to see why the artists found appeal in the war and on the front lines the way they saw the world was laid out in perfect vibrant and brutal clarity for everyone to see. The movement took i t’s inspiration from Cubism and would later

One Unaccounted For Factor That Is Impacting The Level

One unaccounted for factor that is impacting the level of support for redistribution in the United States is the inseparable intersection of race and gender, or rather the dominance that patriarchal and racialized norms have on influencing American’s perceptions of poverty. The majority of the current literature on the subject of American’s support/opposition to economic redistribution tends to focus on identities such as race, class, and gender as separate entities. Applying the theories of hostile/benevolent sexism and racism, I argue that analyzing intersections of identities such as race and gender in conjunction, and as interdependent, will provide a clearer picture as to why Americans are less favorable towards redistribution, and†¦show more content†¦Discrimination/bias based on sex or race is harmful for any individual who experiences it, however it can culminate in a variety of forms, some more malevolent than others. Glick and Fiske define benevolent sexism (BS) as, â€Å"a subjectively favorable, chivalrous ideology that offers protection and affection to women who embrace conventional [gender roles]† and McMahon further defines BS to be, â€Å"better understood as a subtle and pernicious form of bias that shares the same ideological underpinnings as more openly hostile forms of sexism†. On the other hand, hostile sexism (HS), â€Å"aims to reinforce traditional gender roles and patriarchy through derogatory characterizations of women as unappreciative of and seeking to gain power over men, and [who are] manipulative with their sexuality†. Both forms of sexism are harmful to any individual who receives them, however individuals who experience BS (white women) are more likely to receive some benefit from their oppression than those who experience HS (women of color, particularly black women). In addition to BS and HS, racism also works within a similar framework of hostility and benevolence, whereby black individuals who preform their raceShow MoreRelatedEconomic Inequality In The United States Has Risen And1042 Words   |  5 PagesEconomic inequality in the United States has risen and absolute growth has slowed over the past half-century. This growing level of inequality sparks in a wave of support for redistribution. The U.S.’s inability to redistribute to the bottom quartile of the income distribution results a multitude of factors that explain why people would support or oppose redistribution. An explanation of economic inequality involves the argument that the wealthy have the needed resources in order to flourish in achievingRead MoreWhy Is Consideration of the Social and Economic Context Necessary for Understanding Work and Learning in Canada934 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many factors impacting work and learning specifically in Canada. How workers are involved or participate can affect outcomes for the employee and employer. Social and economic are two factors that influence education, learning, training and work. In this essay, I will provide examples of why social and economic context must be considered when understanding work and learning. I will also examine assumptions frequently made by Human Resources Management (HRM) and their perspective on theRead MoreThe Effects Of Water Coverage On Urban Areas Of Developing Countries1746 Words   |  7 Pagesinstitutions, the level of service to citizens is still wanting. Many households, both poor and non-poor, experience water scarcity even when they are within areas that are well covered by area water supply company and water kiosks. For example, even where water is provided through a piped connection, 13 – 42% of non-poor and 19 – 44% of poor households in urban areas report water scarcity (Uwazi, 2010). Many Water service Providers in Kenya record unacceptable high Non-Revenue Water (NRW) levels. None ofRead MoreWhat Are The Possible Causes Of Halitosis?1760 Words   |  8 Pagesmeal constituents for their genuine halitosis, however diet is unlikely to produce long term oral malodour. The odorant compounds are found in the exhaled breath of all people, but amongst individuals from whom their concentration surpasses a certain level the scent becomes noticeable - thus halitosis has set in. The physiological category would encase 90% of genuine halitosis cases (Bartold, 2016).This category is also considered to be oscillatory; fluctuating with the presence and resolution of, specificallyRead MoreU.s. Investment Abroad And Foreign Direct Investment1896 Words   |  8 Pagesabroad and unemployment rate will have a positive relationship, while foreign direct investment and unemployment rate will have a negative relationship. It aims to test the significance of these two variable of interest while accounting for other factors that might be correlated with unemployment rate. The paper will first introduce some literature review on relevant topics to provide background information and scholarly analysis on the subject. The next section will introduce the multiple regressionRead More College Athletes Must be Held to the Same Standards as Full-Time Students2244 Words   |  9 Pagesresponsible, the Professor. Although institutions want their students equally treated, diversit y is well accepted. Existence as a college athlete contributes to diversity as well as a substantial amount of favoritism. Issues arise pertaining to how one may view an institution as well as the institution itself, due to an athlete’s gift. Though athletics contribute to a decrease in anxiety and stress, in some cases, facts show otherwise. Furthermore, every institution has a set of rules pertaining toRead MoreAccess And Misuse Of Funds Essay1945 Words   |  8 Pagesgreater percentage of the GDP to improve. EXAMINING EDUCATION Misuse of Funds Generally, there is a distrust as to whether public funds allocated to education fulfills its intended purpose. In the distribution of funds, a lot of it is lost and unaccounted for through it journeys to implementation. In a discussion about mismanagement of funds in Ghana, Schuyler Durham quoted the Institute of Fiscal Policy as saying, â€Å"the most common root of problems with public education is the irregularity and unpredictabilityRead MoreChile, Indonesia, And Turkey2202 Words   |  9 Pagesincreased equity and bond market volatility. Indonesia has also experienced exchange rate volatility given the recent declines in the value of the domestic currency (rupiah), negatively impacting foreign investor returns. 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The units master tasks by limiting the number tasksRead MoreMalaysia Airlines-Strategic Management14526 Words   |  59 PagesAirline does provides domestic and international flight services, majority of the customers of Malaysia Airline are international flight customers. There are actually a few reasons why most people choose other airline services when flying domestic and one of the main reason is because the cost of the domestic flight for Malaysia Airline is relatively more expensive compared to Air-Asia or Berjaya-Air. Although flying with the other 2 airline company is cheaper but less comfortable, most of the people

How a Tree Grows - A Brief Overview

Little of a trees volume is actually living tissue. Just 1% of a tree is actually alive and composed of living cells. The major living portion of a growing tree is a thin film of cells just under the bark (called the cambium) and can be only one to several cells thick. Other living cells are in root tips, the apical meristem, leaves, and buds. The overwhelming portion of all trees is made up of non-living tissue created by a cambial hardening into non-living wood cells on the inner cambial layer. Sandwiched between the outer cambial layer and the bark is an ongoing process of creating sieve tubes which transport food from leaves to roots. So, all wood is formed by the inner cambium and all food-conveying cells are formed by the outer cambium. Apical Growth Tree height and branch lengthening begin with a bud. Tree height growth is caused by the apical meristem whose cells divide and elongate at the base of the bud to create upward growth in trees with a dominant crown tip. There can be more than one developing crown if a trees top is damaged. Certain conifers cannot produce these growth cells and height growth stops at the crown tip. Tree branch growth works in a similar way using buds at the apex of each twig. These twigs become the future branches of trees. Transfer of genetic material in the process will cause these buds to grow at determined rates, creating a tree species height and form. Tree trunk growth is coordinated with the increase of tree height and width. When buds begin opening in the early Spring, cells in the trunk and limbs get the signal to increase in girth by dividing and in height by elongating. Root Cap Growth Early root growth is a function of meristematic root tissue located near the tip of the root. The specialized meristem cells divide, producing more meristem called root cap cells which protect the meristem and undifferentiated root cells while pushing through the soil. The undifferentiated cells become the primary tissues of the developing root during elongation and the process that pushes the root tip forward in the growing medium. Gradually these cells differentiate and mature into specialized cells of the root tissues.

Immigration Essay - 998 Words

Valerie Gonzales Assistant Professor McCombs ENG 1301, Essay 1-Expressive, 22 October 12 Nation of Immigrants It is often said that America is a nation of immigrants. Generations have drifted to the United States in hope for opportunity and liberty, and have also helped this country become very wealthy. Many illegal immigrants left their country in hope for a greater life in America. These immigrants have brought their culture to the U.S. They have made a new America by changing economy, work and culture for the better. Immigration to the United States is a complicated analytical circumstance that has been a major reason for cultural change throughout much of the history of the United States and population†¦show more content†¦Immigrants bring new ideas and ambitious spirit to the U.S. economy. Immigrants can provide an overall gain to the domestic economy due to an increase in pay for higher- skilled workers, more efficiency and lower wages for some owners of capital, and lower prices for goods and services produced by immigrants. They provide businesses which increase America’s ability to trade and invest in the global economy. Immigrants maintain our economy adjustable, allowing U.S. producers to keep prices down and to acknowledge to changing consumer demands. The increase of labor means an increase in production, which provides more goods for the United States to sell. Immigrants allow the supply of goods to increase and the demand to go down, which helps our economy Most of the illegal immigrants usually move to the industrialized countries in hope for greater wages and increased standards of living. Illegal immigrants are victims when it comes to the work force. Because they are illegal, it is very rare that they can find good positions in big companies. 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Although Roberto Rodriguez uses a personal approach to convey his message, Star Parker’s method of using real life facts andRead MoreEffects Of Immigration Essay1623 Words   |  7 Pages(Graphics not available) Immigration according to Merriam Webster dictionary is the act of entering a country in which one is not a native for permanent residence. With the exception of the American Indians, people living in America can trace their ancestry roots to a country outside of United States of America. According to Alan Allport, The United States has been a land of immigration for the past 200 years (Allport, 2005). 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Observing Non-Verbal Communication Free Essays

Non-verbal communication is the process of communicating that is characterized by the absence of words but rather communicating, sending and receiving messages via bodily language, styles, and symbols. I tried to observe this type of communication in the park with a particular male and female as a target subjects. A young man, possibly 20 yrs of age and a woman, more or less of the same age group, were ‘conversing’ in the park at 5 PM in the afternoon. We will write a custom essay sample on Observing Non-Verbal Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now I use the term ‘conversation’ loosely here. Using the concept of proxemics, parks would be classified under the group, public territory, but I note that, generally speaking, such places would have no control on the behavior of the people; people there would exceed territorial rights with regards to their behavior. Without thoughtful analysis, the first idea that had entered my head was that the man and the woman were in a relation but apparently I cannot make a concluding statement about this. Physical appearances suggest informal relations as suggested by their casual appearances. Both were wearing pants with the female wearing a pink tank top and the male wearing a faded statement shirt. There is a high possibility that their meeting was not business or work associated. I disregarded Monochromatic time schedule in favor of Poly-chronic time schedule since the subjects conversation and appearances were evidently personal. Kinesic communication of the subjects— facial expressions, body movements, gestures, and posture ­Ã¢â‚¬â€reveal one important thing; the subject’s conversation was neither intimate but rather harried, constrained and angry. There was an obvious lack of touch between the two which would denote ‘friendship’ or ‘love’. The woman was gesticulating her hands wildly, and at some point in time, she was waving her right hand at the right empty space indicating that she was ‘emphasizing’ something to the man. Her shoulders were not slumped but rather posed upwards indicating a highly constrained emotion. Her feet was braced apart and she walking around wildly. Her face was clearly angry; her brows were drawn together in a frown and most probably her nostrils were growing bigger or flaring up, with her irises dilating indicating, a high emotional state. The sides of her mouth were slanted downwards as she was talking clearly indicating a negative emotion. Her curly hair was moving with the movement of her mouth. Blood was rushing to her face which makes her face really look red indeed. When the male was talking, she was ‘rolling her eyes’, indicating mockery and disbelief to what the person was saying. She was intentionally trying or trying to appear like she was not listening to the other person was saying when she was looking away at the other direction. The male subject was equally angry. His stance, shoulders upwards were poised for a fight but he was defensive as indicated by the arms that were crossed high on his chest. When he was not talking, his lips were drawn in tight line and he was highly attentive what the female was saying because ‘he did not remove his eyes from her’. His eyes were in slits, indicating anger and at some point, he was also gesticulating his hands indicating that he was forcefully explaining something to the female. I observed that proxemics for the park as a space was clearly loosely defined as to the public territorial usage; the subjects were clearly using the space for ‘personal’ purposes. Movement and body position of my subjects hinges towards negative emotional responses, ost specially that of charged anger. The subjects exhibited negative attitudes, and mostly involuntary non-verbal communication. All messages transmitted between the two were conscous and deliberate and not subliminal; their conversation was intended to say something and both were equally aware of it. Bibliography Argyle, M. (1988). Bodily Communication. Madison: International UP. How to cite Observing Non-Verbal Communication, Essay examples

Facilitating and Rewarding Creativity During New Product Development

Question: Describe about the Facilitating and Rewarding Creativity During New Product Development? Answer: Introduction Numerous organizations globally are looking for approaches to create items all the more rapidly and effectively or to enhance existing items, are recasting their associations with suppliers all the time displaying their endeavors on methodologies embraced by world-class Japanese producers, for example, Toyota and Nissan. The favored Japanese practices incorporate utilizing less suppliers and manufacturing longer-term associations with them, goading suppliers to enhance constantly, and including suppliers in the outline and advancement of items. Those practices are being peered toward, as well, by suppliers all through the world that would like to win or expand business with expansive Japanese mechanical associations (Burroughs et al., 2011). Product Development Strategy Culture Factor Culture plays a role in product development in that it affects the management strategies of organizations as well as the planning and implementation. In looking at the two countries, culture will be compared as it delineates the way in which people act. A higher power separation: UK various leveled structures are typically level and it is normal that everybody has a voice, adds to choices, et cetera. This is reflected by the UK propensity for addressing and censuring bosses straightforwardly, and expecting that pioneers are obvious and available. In spite of the fact that Japan does not score as high as other Asian nations in power separation, to a UK the distinction will be striking subsequent to: various leveled positions have a far more noteworthy significance than they are ordinarily used to (all the more on this in later posts), choices are less equitable, wage contrasts are more prominent, etc. A lower level of independence: Although the Japanese national society scores respectably here (and shows approximately inclinations towards both independence and cooperation), a UK will discover the Japanese to be more gathering focused and place more accentuation on agreement of the gathering. This is additionally reflected in the correspondence style, where the UK people are significantly more straightforward, highlighting the needs and needs of the person in what is said. By complexity, the Japanese will be more roundabout, because of a hesitance to influence bunch congruity. A far higher level of manliness: This is the most striking contrast. The UK society is a standout amongst the most female, underlining personal satisfaction, association, balance, and bargain. By differentiation, Japan is to a great degree aggressive (for the most part on a gathering level). This is something that is encouraged from an extremely youthful age and serves as the primary motivational calculate business, while in UK motivational components incorporate spare time and open to living. Making progress toward brilliance is at the center of Japanese qualities (Ward Sobek, 2014). A far higher level of instability shirking: This is another territory where the distinctions are amazingly purported. With a low vulnerability evasion record, the UK people are agreeable in indeterminate circumstances. They acknowledge that things change and consolidate them effortlessly into their work schedules et cetera. Moreover, there are fewer guidelines and the work circumstances are less organized. Japanese national society is precisely the inverse (Sipp, 2015). The Japanese have abhorrence towards vagueness and accentuate structure and codes of conduct. Supervisors are occupied with all the raw numbers, and a great deal of exertion is put into achievability studies (and so on.) with an end goal to recognize and take out danger elements. A higher level of long haul introduction: Japan is a long term arranged society, which takes a gander at the master plan and perspectives a singular's life as a short minute in time. In business, this means a far higher concentrate on long haul venture (e.g. in RD) instead of transient benefits. In Western nations, including UK, the center has a tendency to be more towards the short-term. Regularly, their plans of action, which oblige expansion of partner benefits, don't take into consideration the same long haul center that is basic in Japan (i.e. our supervisors have a tendency to get let go on the off chance that they don't create transient results). Competitive Advantages in Component Technologies Part innovations give the best chances to Japanese organizations to apply their assembling mastery to game changer, in light of the fact that the mechanical and electrical parts for most shopper items have long life cycles. Sony added to its CCD and Sharp its LCD in the mid-1980s. While outer configuration changes in item shading, shape, or highlights may happen like clockwork for items like Sony's Walkman or every year for items like Sharp's View-Cam, real enhancements in part innovations happen just every three to five years (Christensen, 2013). In the wake of creating key segment advancements, Japanese organizations have possessed the capacity to plan and present an extensive variety of items in view of those innovations. Tremendous commercial enterprises have advanced from improvement of parts for such items as PCs, VCRs, feature plates, and cell phones. Sharp, for instance, is applying LCD innovation for home amusement, sound hardware, home apparatuses, and therapeutic gear. Key parts with expansive applications give long haul development potential. Semiconductor and correspondences advances have been the premise for large portions of today's item advancements. Generally, these new items have made new market requests through a procedure of "innovation push." When Sharp's leader urged administrators to apply LCD innovation to their product offerings, he executed an innovation push technique (Cummings Worley, 2014). Competing in Next-Generation Components Each industry has its own "tenets of behavior" and systems for focusing on business sector fragments to animate piece of the pie development. Concerning high-volume electronic gathering, Japan's methodology has been to lower expenses, diminish size and weight, and enhance usefulness. These item requests have then created the guides for segment and bundling improvement (Dyer Song, 2015). Chips are one of the couple of segments that are still controlled by U.S. firms. The intricacy of incorporated circuit gadgets will generally twofold every gadget era, one era enduring around 18 months, bringing about a straight-line on a log scale. The semiconductor business sees no transient takeoff from this pattern. As an outcome, highlight size and determination of geometries utilized as a part of creation take after the same pattern, with highlight size diminishments of around 20% every segment era. In the meantime, expanded useful incorporation has lead to bigger chip sizes, which has obliged materials improvement for expanded wafer size and gear advancement for taking care of bigger wafers. The anticipated qualities of cutting edge IC segments permit planners to get ready for cutting edge items (Felker, Jomo Rasiah, 2013). By including expanded capacity with every segment era, chip architects give potential clients a more extensive scope of configuration capacities. Moore once expressed that while he didn't comprehend what individuals will do with the majority of the transistors being fabricated, he was sure that request will exist for expanded capacities, power, and velocity that give added configuration choices to the creative clients of these propelled segments. In reality, interest keeps on growing as new applications are created for every new part presentation or overhaul. Notwithstanding giving cutting edge complex guideline set chip (CISC) microchips, Intel gives a full scope of processors to fit an extensive variety of item applications from servers to journal PCs. The UK has overwhelmed the top of the line semiconductor gadget advertise by proceeding with such quick improvements (Gong, Irikura Suzuki, 2014). Better Assembly Equipment The objective of Japanese organizations included in hardware items rivalry is to meet client necessities. Of every client necessity, five appear to command: lower expense, higher dependability, better execution, longer life before battery energize, and lighter weight/littler size. Each of the five variables rely on upon a couple of key, "lower-tech" abilities identified with making more-incorporated segments; these thusly rely on upon great get together hardware that can put countless parts into littler and littler territories. With expanded segment thickness likewise comes an increment in the thickness of part get together. Matsushita's and Sharp's latest purchaser items have normal segment densities of 16 units every square centimeter. As clients look for littler, lighter-weight, more advanced items, weights mount for expanded part combination and higher-thickness gathering innovations. Sony's model TR1 camcorder was presented toward the end of 1992 with a segment thickness of 20 p arts every square centimeter, and its part thickness is required to achieve 30 segments every square centimeter (Helper Sake, 2012). New-Technology-Based Innovations versus Process-Based Improvements It has over and over been expressed that UK innovative work is driven by an innovation push, as opposed to Japanese innovative work, which is fundamentally determined by an item or business pull. There are, obviously, events when the innovation is practically undefined from the item determined by the innovation; chip innovation, for instance, is omnipresent to computerized hardware, however when alluding to an Intel '486 or Pentium, it is regularly the PC item that rings a bell. Hence innovation advancement can bring forth another item and, now and again, generate an entire new industry (Jingjing, Irikura Suzuki, 2012). At the point when another business sector is made around another item in view of another innovation, business interest is made generally by the clients' enthusiasm for the freshness of the item. As the business adds to, the innovation inventor can keep up business sector advantage by persistently upgrading the innovation and presenting more current and more enhanced items because of client requests. The item upgrades launched by rehashed presentation of new innovation keep rivals in a constant condition of playing "make up for lost time." If fruitful, the innovation pioneer catches a significant offer of the business much sooner than the opposition can react, and the pioneer can maintain that position the length of the item family keeps on being enhanced and takes care of client requests. Sony and Sharp are two Japanese firms that have market quality in view of presentation of inventive items (Jingjing, Irikura Suzuki, 2012). When all is said in done, the UK has since a long time ago worked under the conviction that innovation developments will, without anyone else, maintain mechanical development and business quality. New innovation and coming about new items frequently start in college or modern exploration research facilities. The all the more quickly the business sector builds up, the more prominent the point of interest for the innovation designer (Kawakami, Maclachlan Stringfellow, 2012). As opposed to this UK Research and development working situation, Japan has worked under the conviction that new innovation improvements must be centered around ceaselessly redesigning items to meet client requests for most astounding conceivable quality at least conceivable expense. The pioneer stays in front of the opposition by being quicker or less lavish in bringing out redesigned items. After some time, on the other hand, process innovation enhancements can frequently be a main figure whether or how quick item quality can be enhanced and expense decreased. Contingent upon the way of the item and its condition of business development, a forceful producer can detract the lead from the item or innovation pioneer and turn into a business sector titan. Matsushita did this in the VCR business, and Compaq gives off an impression of being doing this in the PC market (Lehmberg, Dhanaraj Funai, 2013). References: Burroughs, J. E., Dahl, D. W., Moreau, C. P., Chattopadhyay, A., Gorn, G. J. (2011). Facilitating and rewarding creativity during new product development. Journal of Marketing, 75(4), 53-67. Christensen, C. (2013). The innovator's dilemma: when new technologies cause great firms to fail. Harvard Business Review Press. Cummings, T., Worley, C. (2014). Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Dyer, B., Song, X. M. (2015). The relationship between strategy and conflict management: A Japanese perspective. In Proceedings of the 1995 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 126-132). Springer International Publishing. Felker, G., Jomo, K. S., Rasiah, R. (Eds.). (2013). Industrial technology development in Malaysia: industry and firm studies. Routledge. Gong, J., Irikura, N., Suzuki, S. (2014). New product development operational performance and its influential factors: cross-national comparison between Japan and China. Asian Journal of Management Science and Applications, 1(3), 237-260. Helper, S., Sake, M. (2012). Supplier relations in Japan and the United States: are they converging?. Sloan Management Review. Jingjing, G. O. N. G., Irikura, N., Suzuki, S. (2012, September). New Product Development Operational Performance and Its Influential Factors: Cross National Comparison Between Japan and China. In Proceedings of 2012 Asian Conference of Management Science and Applications (ACMSA2012). Kawakami, T., Maclachlan, D. L., Stringfellow, A. (2012). New venture performance in China, Japan, and the United States: The impact of formalized market information processes. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 29(2), 275-287. Lehmberg, D., Dhanaraj, C., Funai, A. (2013). What do we make of Japan? Myths and realities. Business Horizons, 56(2), 219-229. Sipp, D. (2015). Conditional Approval: Japan Lowers the Bar for Regenerative Medicine Products. Cell stem cell, 16(4), 353-356. Ward, A. C., Sobek II, D. K. (2014). Lean product and process development. Lean Enterprise Institute.

Ryan Franzman Essays - Economy, Business, Gratuity,

Ryan Franzman Period 1 Nov. 3 Ann Landers gives several tips for leading a good life in her newspaper column but are these tips for everyone? Most of the points in the article are actually quite good, most people live by these tips and they don't even realize it. The article "Tips for Life" should be read by everyone although it should be made clear that they have the right to rephrase several of the tips to better suit themselves. Most of the points made in "Tips for Life" are very valid but, some points are a persons own particular choice and should not be determined by anyone else. The tip "Be engaged six months before you get married." Is a persons own choice not an elderly newspaper columnist's. Another tip that seems a little questionable is "Marry someone you love to talk to. As you get older, conversation will be one of the principal elements of your relationship." I honestly believe that a couple should get married if they have undying love and affection for each other, not because your possible spouse is a good conversationalist, that's preposterous. Despite a few of Ann Landers "tips", the article sets good morals for a person to live by and look at for guidance. Ann discusses and makes points ranging from deep mental thoughts to merely calling your own mother. To make her article perfect she would have to be willing to see that not everyone thinks the same way and that there is always more than one way to say or do something. Bibliography none

The Cherokee Removal essays

The Cherokee Removal essays The process of the removal of the Cherokees took place in 1838. This is when the Cherokees were evicted from their homes and work area into stockades by General Winfield Scott and his army. The Cherokees were related to the Iroquois of New England and also to northern New York. The Cherokees were divided into three separate groups before they migrated and spreaded out through out the southeast of the United States of America. Life for the Cherokees follow went with the women performing farm duties, raising crops, and the men of the Cherokees went out hunting for food. In the Cherokee life there were no leaders that ruled over them. The Cherokee life went on from generation to generation, meaning things were being passed down from one to another. Government wise the Cherokees were more democratic. As time went by, the Cherokee met up with the Europeans, who brought along many new things with them. The Cherokees started to bond with them a little bit more. The Europeans brought along diseases and helpful items such as fabrics and hatchets. The Cherokee started to hunt more for fabric and also started to barter much more with the Europeans. Due to the expansion and growth of the Europeans, the Cherokees without doubt were swept up into Europeans wars. Here is when fights and wars really started to break out, because of a conference that was taken place in South Carolina with, the colonial governor and some of his men killing some of the Cherokee. After the killing took place the British and the Cherokee started to attack one another. When all of the wars and disputes took place, against others, this was when Americans want to get rid of the Cherokee for good. If I had to argue for the Cherokees to stay I would tell president Andrew Jackson that first, there is really no reason why anyone or any army should come around make a cluster of people leave their area. Especially, when they were not bothering anyone at the time. Basicall...

Overview of Political Geography

Overview of Political Geography Political geography is a branch of human geography (the branch of geography concerned with understanding the worlds culture and how it relates to geographic space) that studies the spatial distribution of political processes and how these processes are impacted by ones geographic location. It often studies local and national elections, international relationships and the political structure of different areas based on geography. History of Political Geography Politische Geographie Another early theory in political geography was the heartland theory. In 1904, Halford Mackinder, a British geographer, developed this theory in his article, The Geographical Pivot of History. As a part of this theory, Mackinder said that world would be divided into a Heartland consisting of Eastern Europe, a World Island made up of Eurasia and Africa, Peripheral Islands, and the New World. His theory said that whoever controlled the heartland would control the world. Both Ratzel and Mackinders theories remained important before and during World War II. By the time of the Cold War, their theories and the importance of political geography began to decline and other fields within human geography began to develop. In the late 1970s however, political geography again began to grow. Today political geography is considered one of the most important branches of human geography and many geographers study a variety of fields concerned with political processes and geography. Fields within Political Geography European Union Modern political trends also have an impact on political geography and in recent years sub-topics focused on these trends have developed within political geography. This is known as critical political geography and includes political geography focused on ideas related to feminist groups and issues gay and lesbian as well as youth communities. Examples of Research in Political Geography Ellen Churchill Semple Today political geography is also a specialty group within the Association of American Geographers and there is an academic journal called Political Geography. Some titles from recent articles in this journal include Redistricting and the Elusive Ideals of Representation, Climate Triggers: Rainfall Anomalies, Vulnerability and Communal Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa, and Normative Goals and Demographic Realities. To learn more about political geography and to see topics within the subject visit the Political Geography page here on Geography at About.com.

Differences Between Groups and Teams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Differences Between Groups and Teams - Essay Example A group can be defined as the formation of two or more people working together to achieve a common goal (Schermerhorn & Hunt & Osborn, 2003, p.172). Groups can be either formal or informal. Any gathering of multiple employees constitutes a group. When the manager arranges a meeting with the employees the leader is directing his message towards a group. There are five stages that characterize the formation of a group. The stages of group formation are forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjuring. During the norming stage the employee build a bond of trust between them and the other members that helps improve the overall performance. The size of the group is an important factor to consider. The optimal size of a group is between seven to eight members. Group decision making can be improved using techniques such as brainstorming, nominal group technique, and Delphi technique. A team is a type of formal group in which the members work together to accomplish common goals. One of the major differences between a group and a team is that in team settings individual and group accountability exists (Katzenback & Smith, 1993). Companies create teams for strategic purposes, while most work groups are formulated to accomplish specific tasks. Teams tend to be formulated to achieve long term tasks. For example a company can create a quality control team to reduce product defects. Work groups are different because they are typically formed to achieve short term goals. Another discrepancy between teams and groups is the way they operate. The five steps of the participation process of team members are illustrated below: An important aspect of teamwork is the necessity of leadership to manifest itself. Due to the nature of teamwork employees are able to exert leadership while working in settings even if the person is not the official team leader.

What Happened to Muses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What Happened to Muses - Essay Example They find the inspiration in something else. Usually these methods to get it are not right and decent: drinking alcohol, using drugs etc. Not very long ago actual women, wives or girl-friends, played a role of Muse for some artists. Today it is not necessary to an artist to have a Muse. In ancient times three Muses were divine creatures and the daughters of Zeus. Their mother, Mnemosyne, was the goddess of memory. Hesiod decided to expand the number of muses, so now we know nine: Clio, Calliope, Euterpe, Terpsichore, Melpomene, Thalia, , Polyhymnia, Urania, Erato. Nine Muses were given different roles later by Romans: Clio was the muse of history, Erato of lyric poetry, Polyhymnia of sacred poetry and so on. Nine muses were considered to be kind, caring creatures. According to Hesiod, they came to the chosen and lucky artist and presented him with their invaluable gifts. At the same time Muses could punish artists and other creatures. We all know how they punished Sirens when they want to compete with them: they made them loose their wings and Sirens fell into the sea. The power of the ancient Muses was transferred to the modern ones. Many modern Muses were mostly strong women with difficult characters and interesting lives. Among them we can define Gala, the Muse of Salvador Dali, Georgia O’Keeffe, the Muse of Alfred Stieglitz, and many other. In the 21st century it is not very easy to find a Muse. Some artists still have Muses, very often they are their own wives, but the relationships between them does not have an element of divinity any more. They are just partners and their relations are the relations between two people, just human beings, usually with equal talent. Women do not limit themselves to the role of Muses any more, they want to create masterpieces themselves. Feminist ideas do not allow to treat women as objects. Muses did not completely disappear, just the idea of them was changed.

The importance of geometry

The importance of geometry This chapter includes the importance of geometry and the importance of learning how to solve traditional word problems by students in school mathematics. The concerns of mathematics education stakeholders about word problem solving based on national and international assessments and the suggestions provided by researchers and educators to improve students performance when solving word problems are also reviewed. The theories and empirical studies that focus on comprehension, representation, and solution of word problems are summarized. Although using mathematics, and in particular geometry, to model situations from work places has been part of education for centuries, the review of the literature starts with the beginning of the late nineteenth century, with the exception of Renà © Descartes (1596-1650) doctrine of problem solving (Encyclopedia Britannica, 1983). The review includes recommendations from important publications that inform mathematics education. Research-based theoretical and conceptual frameworks that support the solution process of mathematics word problems are used to develop a research hypothesis for examination in this study. Problem Solving and Solving Word Problems Some mathematics educators and researchers believe that a problem lies as an obstruction between two ends, the problem and the solution, without any clearly defined ways to traverse (Brownell, 1942; Mayer, 1985; Polya, 1980). This definition may also be applied to word problems because many researchers include math word problems in problem solving research (Kilpatrick, 1985). The logic behind this definition can be traced back to Renà © Descartes (1596-1650) philosophy which suggests that method is necessary to uncover the truth of nature. The following excerpt from Encyclopedia Britannica (1983) on Descartes Discourse on Method is worth mentioning as part of his doctrine of problem solving  [1]  [The Discourse] is a philosophical classic. [It] hides the fundamental assertion that the human mind is basically sound and the only means of attaining truth à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ never to accept anything as true which I [you] did not clearly and distinctly see to be so. Descartes thus implies the rejection of all accepted ideas and opinions, the determination to doubt until convinced of the contrary by self-evident facts. The second rule is an instruction to analyze the problem to be solved. Once cleared of its prejudices, the mind, using the example set by mathematicians, must divide each of the difficulties under e xamination into as many parts as possible; that is, discover what is relevant to the problem and reduce it as far as possible to its simplest data. The third rule is to conduct my thoughts in order, beginning with objects that are the simplest and easiest to know and so proceed, gradually, to knowledge of the more complex. The fourth rule is a warning to recapitulate the chains of reasoning to be certain that there are no omissions. These simple rules are not to be considered a mere automatic formula; they are to be regarded as a mental discipline, based on the example of mathematical practice. (p. 600) Schoenfeld (1987) summarized the four phases of Descartes problem solving plan. The idea in phase I is to reduce an algebra problem to a single variable equation for solving. Phase II suggests reducing a mathematics problem to an algebra problem and solving it according to phase I. In phase III, any problem situation is converted to a mathematics problem by mathematizing. In phase IV , the problem is then solved using the ideas in phase I and II. In two of his many rules (rules XIV and XV), Descartes suggested the drawing of diagrams as an aid to solving problems (pp. 29-36). It is noted from the above excerpt of Descartes problem solving process that a problem should be broken down to its parts before attempting to solve it. Each part should also be understood separately. For example, a word problem can usually be solved if one can understand the words (vocabulary), their meaning, their interconnection, the objects they represent, and the relevance of those objects in the problem. Solving a word problem is also sometimes referred to as problem solving. According to Branca (1987), problem solving is an alternative meaning of applying mathematics to different circumstances (p. 72). That means if a situation is explained in words, or in a word problem, then applying mathematics as a tool to solve that problem situation may be treated as problem solving. Also, Brow n, Cronin, and McEntire (1994) stated that assessment on word problems has different names, including math reasoning, problem solving, word problems, as well as story problems (p. 32). Although word problems have been extensively used in problem solving research, the similarity and differences between word problems and problem solving should be clarified. A word problem is also a problem to solve, according to the definitions previously mentioned. Many educators think solving word problems require the problem solving skills. For this dissertation, word problems will refer to problems of the type that appear in standardized assessments and tests such as the NAEP, the New Jersey HSPA, the SAT, and the ACT. They are not problems related to everyday human life without unstated facts where students have to wander, collect facts for mathematizing the situation before solving them. The problems in this study can be attempted using general heuristics (Polya, 1945; Schoenfeld, 1985), as well as through the application of Descartes problem solving principle and other methods based on Descartes philosophy. According to Kilpatrick (1987), in recent years, some researchers in mathematics education have used problems with increasing level of difficulty and learning opportunity that require the novel combination of rules and reasoning. A few similar problems were used in this research. (See Appendix K for sample problems) However, these problems are infrequently found outside of tests or class assignments. Solving Word Problems: A Goal of Mathematics Education Learning to solve problems is the principal reason of studying mathematics (National Council of Supervisors of Mathematics, 1977, p. 2). The NCTM (Krulik Reys, 1980) also suggested that problem solving be regarded as the major goal of learning school mathematics from 1980 to 1989 and repeated that recommendation more recently (NCTM, 2000). Mathematics accomplishment of students, which includes problem solving, became a major concern in the U. S. with the release of A Nation at Risk (U. S. Department of Education, 1983). This publication recommended focusing on the teaching of geometric and algebraic concepts and real-life importance of mathematics in solving problems. The low word problem solving ability of U.S. students of 9, 13, and 17 years of age was verified by the first data from the NAEP conducted in 1973. While analyzing the results of that assessment, Carpenter, Coburn, Reys, and Wilson (1976) concluded: It is most disturbing to ascertain the suggestion that many students receive very little opportunity to learn to solve world problems. The assessment results are so poor, however, that we wonder whether this is not the case. A commitment to working and thinking about word problems is needed for teachers and their students. (p. 392) Table 2.1 shows the scale scores of NAEP on mathematics obtained by U.S. students in grades 4, 8, and 12, on a 0 to 500 scale, from 1990 to 2007. Table 2.2 s hows the percent of different types of word problems correctly answered by the students in grades 8 and 12. According to Braswell et al. (2001), the achievement levels of 249, 299, and 336 are considered proficient levels for fourth-, eighth-, and 12th-grade students, respectively. Table 2.1 indicates very small improvements in the NAEP test scores for fourth-grade and eighth-grade students over the span of 17 years (1990 to 2007). However, these scores are below the suggested proficiency levels. It may be noted from Tables 2.1 and 2.2 that improvement, either in overall performance or in word problem solving skills for all participating U.S. students, is trivial. Also the scores that hover around 230 for grade 4, 275 for grade 8, and 300 for grade 12 on a 0 to 500 scale are too low. Of particular concern is an average of only 4% correctly answered questions for the years 1990 to 2000 (Table 2.2) by U.S. grade 12 students on volume and surface area related problems. International as sessments such as the FIMS in 1965, the SIMS in 1982, the PISA in 2003 and 2007, and the TIMSS in 1995 and 2003 further attested U.S. students poor problem solving skills and highlighted their low mathematical achievement in comparison to students from other participating countries. The FIMS and SIMS conducted mathematics assessment of 13year-old students and high school seniors (National Council of Educational Statistics, 1992). According to the NCTM (2004), the PISA measures the numerical skills and problem solving aptitude of 15-year-old students on a scale of 0 to 500whereas the TIMSS measures fourth and eighth grade students ability on concepts on a scale of 0 to 1000. The NCTM also reported that the NAEP, TIMSS, and PISA, which are low-stakes tests, generate group performance results of students. High-stakes tests, like New Jerseys HSPA or other state mandated tests, as well as the SAT and ACT, focus on the performance of individual students. Of the three assessments, NAEP, TI MSS, and PISA, TIMSS and NAEP have the most in common in terms of mathematical concepts and cognitive necessity (NCTM). The findings from the mathematics results of the PISA of 2000 and 2003 reported by Lemke et al. (2004) indicated that U. S. performance in algebra and geometry was lower than two-third of the participating OECD countries. Even the top 10% of the participants in the U.S. were outperformed by more than half of their OECD counterparts in solving problems. The then U.S. Education Secretary emphasized the need to reform high schools on top priority basis (U.S. Department of Education, 2005). The latest PISA (2007) results indicated that the mathematical accomplishment of U.S students is lower than the international average. According to TIMSS (2003), U.S. students of fourth and eighth grades scored on average 518 and 504, respectively in mathematics. These scores were higher than the average score of 495 of the fourth-grade students in the 25 participating countries and the average score of 466 of the eighth-grade students in the 45 participating countries. However, these scores were lower than the 4 Asian countries and 7 European countries for fourth grade and lower than the 5 Asian countries and 4 European countries for eighth grade. Although the average score of U.S. eighth-grade students improved by only 12 points from 492 in 1995 to 504 in 2003, there was no change reported by TIMSS in their score from 1999 to 2003. Overall, these scores on a scale from 0 to 1000 indicate that students in grades four and eight in the U.S. only achieved about 50% mastery of the concepts tested. National (NAEP, 2007) and international (FIMS, 1965; SIMS, 1982; TIMSS, 1995, 1999, 2003) assessments indicate that student achievement in mathematics remains a major educational concern. Those assessments use multiple choice, short-response, and open-ended word problems which are similar to those on the New Jersey HSPA, SAT, and ACT. Since students mathematical skills are measured using one or more of the above assessments, learning to solve word problems must be considered a major goal of mathematics education and a major component of assessing student achievement in mathematics. Further, learning to solve word problems related to real-life situations using mathematical concepts also helps students to be successful at work and in their lives. Geometry as a Cornerstone of Mathematics-History of Problem Solving and Geometry In ancient India, the rudiments of Geometry, called Rekha-Ganita, were formulated and applied to solve architectural problems for building temple motifs (Srivathsa, Narasimhan, Saà ¡Ã‚ ¹Ã†â€™sat 2003, p. 218). The 4000 years old mathematics that emerged in India during The Indus Civilization (2500 BC-1700 BC) proposed for the first time, the ideas of zero, algebra, and finding square and cube roots in Indian Vedic literature (Birodhkar, 1997; OConnor Robertson, 2000; Singh, 2004). The significance of studying geometry is evi dent from the past mathematical records. The book, A History of Mathematics (Suzuki, 2002) provides the mathematical innovations made by the most brilliant mathematicians from ancient times until the 20th century. Some of the mathematical developments presented in this book that are related to problem solving and geometry are discussed next. According to Suzuki (2002), the ancient Egyptians (3000 B.C.) demonstrated their skills in solving word problems by an Egyptian scribe on the mathematical papyri using the concepts of linear and nonlinear equations without any mathematical notations. That is, every problem solved by an Egyptian scribe was a word problem (p. 13). In order to redraw property lines after the yearly flooding of the Nile, the Egyptians developed realistic geometry related geometric figures, but not their abstract properties. Also, their geometry is filled with problems relating to pyramids (p. 16). The Babylonians (1700 B.C.) also routinely solved more complicated an d complex problems à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ entirely verbally (Suzuki, 2002, p. 28) without any system of mathematical notations. Their ways of solving interest relate problems show their advanced mathematical skills. According to Suzuki, the Babylonians also developed methods for calculating the area of triangles, trapezoids and other polygons. Before Pythagoras (580-500 B.C.), the Pythagorean Theorem was well known to the Babylonians (p. 31). The development of pre-Euclidean geometry goes back to the age of Plato (427-347 B.C.). It is said that the entrance plaque to Platos school in Athens read, Let No One Unversed In Geometry Come Under My Roof (Suzuki, 2002, p. 74). According to Suzuki, Plato had probably discovered the word mathematics from the mathema, meaning the three liberal arts, arithmetic, geometry, and astronomy (p. 74). Later, Euclid (300 B.C.), who lived in Alexandria, Egypt, wrote the Elements, a conglomeration of 300 years of Greek geometrical development. The Elements was so important for the next two thousand years of mathematics that Euclidean geometry became an essential part of learning mathematics until it faced the first serious mathematical challenges (p. 86) in the 19th century. The significance of understanding geometry for high school students has been a part of recommendations of the committees on mathematics education in the U.S. since 1894 (Commission on Mathematics, 1959; National Education Association, 1894, National Committee on Mathematical Requirements, 1923; Progressive Education Association (PEA) Committee and the Joint Commission, 1940; The National Committee of Fifteen, 1912). An account of these committees reports may be found in the 1970 yearbook of the NCTM, A History of Mathematics Education in the United States and Canada. A brief of the recommendations of these committees are presented below. The first national group of experts that addressed mathematics education was the subcommittee on mathematics of the Committee of Ten (National Education Association, 1894). They considered the goals and curriculum for mathematics education and recommended preparatory work on algebra and geometry in the upper elementary school curriculum. On demonstrative geometry, the committee stressed on the importance of elegance and finish in geometrical demonstration (p. 25). About demonstrative geometry, the committee further stated, there is no student whom it will not brighten and strengthen intellectually as few other exercises can (p. 116). This suggests all mathematics teachers engage their students in using the geometric concepts to visualize their surroundings and to geometrically demonstrate what they visualize. The final report of The National Committee of Fifteen on the Geometry Syllabus (National Education Association, 1912) recommended using realistic approaches to exercises in mathematics instruction. Eleven years later, its final report, The Reorganization of Mathematics in Secondary Education (The National C ommittee on Mathematical Requirements, 1923) also stressed the importance of the studying geometry. The commission advocated that the course of study in mathematics during the seventh, eighth, and ninth years contain the fundamental notions of arithmetic, of algebra, of intuitive geometry, of numerical trigonometry, and at least an introduction to demonstrative geometry (p. 1). One of the practical aims of this ecommendation was to encourage familiarity with geometric forms common in nature and life, as well as the elementary properties and relations of these forms, including their measurement, the development of space-perception, and the exercise of spatial imagination.