The First Modern Art Movement Of The Twentieth Century

Prior to and after the war there were many new art forms and movements that were emerging across Europe. Generally these were not widely accepted by the public they were new and strove to push against the conventions and expectations of what society classed as, and applied to, art. Fauvism was the first of these, it sprang up in 1905 in France and though it was short lived it was to be the first modern art movement of the twentieth century in style and attitude. The movement was made up of numerous individual styles but the use of bold colour was the unifying element among the Fauve members. There was a heavy influence of impressionism within the work created and their subject matter were images of contemporary life which they showed†¦show more content†¦Another of these movements that quickly followed was Futurism this started in 1909 in Italy. Futurists aspired for a new world order and they hoped to achieve this through the dismantling of the status quo. Their aims were t he destruction of museums and libraries and the glorification of machinery, speed and violence they celebrated and promoted the new age of industry and supported the war, hoping this would help to carve the pathway to the new world they craved ’we wish to glorify war, the only hygiene of the world.’ Understandably due to their beliefs many of the artists and people involved with this group signed up quickly for the war their work aimed to evoke a range of feelings and sensation not simply what the eye could see. Their work aimed to bring to mind the heat, violence and colour of the modern world, it was the visual realisation of dynamism, of speed and ferocity represented by the vivid colours and the integration of objects and figures with their backgrounds. Understandably it was easy to see why the artists found appeal in the war and on the front lines the way they saw the world was laid out in perfect vibrant and brutal clarity for everyone to see. The movement took i t’s inspiration from Cubism and would later

One Unaccounted For Factor That Is Impacting The Level

One unaccounted for factor that is impacting the level of support for redistribution in the United States is the inseparable intersection of race and gender, or rather the dominance that patriarchal and racialized norms have on influencing American’s perceptions of poverty. The majority of the current literature on the subject of American’s support/opposition to economic redistribution tends to focus on identities such as race, class, and gender as separate entities. Applying the theories of hostile/benevolent sexism and racism, I argue that analyzing intersections of identities such as race and gender in conjunction, and as interdependent, will provide a clearer picture as to why Americans are less favorable towards redistribution, and†¦show more content†¦Discrimination/bias based on sex or race is harmful for any individual who experiences it, however it can culminate in a variety of forms, some more malevolent than others. Glick and Fiske define benevolent sexism (BS) as, â€Å"a subjectively favorable, chivalrous ideology that offers protection and affection to women who embrace conventional [gender roles]† and McMahon further defines BS to be, â€Å"better understood as a subtle and pernicious form of bias that shares the same ideological underpinnings as more openly hostile forms of sexism†. On the other hand, hostile sexism (HS), â€Å"aims to reinforce traditional gender roles and patriarchy through derogatory characterizations of women as unappreciative of and seeking to gain power over men, and [who are] manipulative with their sexuality†. Both forms of sexism are harmful to any individual who receives them, however individuals who experience BS (white women) are more likely to receive some benefit from their oppression than those who experience HS (women of color, particularly black women). In addition to BS and HS, racism also works within a similar framework of hostility and benevolence, whereby black individuals who preform their raceShow MoreRelatedEconomic Inequality In The United States Has Risen And1042 Words   |  5 PagesEconomic inequality in the United States has risen and absolute growth has slowed over the past half-century. This growing level of inequality sparks in a wave of support for redistribution. The U.S.’s inability to redistribute to the bottom quartile of the income distribution results a multitude of factors that explain why people would support or oppose redistribution. An explanation of economic inequality involves the argument that the wealthy have the needed resources in order to flourish in achievingRead MoreWhy Is Consideration of the Social and Economic Context Necessary for Understanding Work and Learning in Canada934 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many factors impacting work and learning specifically in Canada. How workers are involved or participate can affect outcomes for the employee and employer. Social and economic are two factors that influence education, learning, training and work. In this essay, I will provide examples of why social and economic context must be considered when understanding work and learning. I will also examine assumptions frequently made by Human Resources Management (HRM) and their perspective on theRead MoreThe Effects Of Water Coverage On Urban Areas Of Developing Countries1746 Words   |  7 Pagesinstitutions, the level of service to citizens is still wanting. Many households, both poor and non-poor, experience water scarcity even when they are within areas that are well covered by area water supply company and water kiosks. For example, even where water is provided through a piped connection, 13 – 42% of non-poor and 19 – 44% of poor households in urban areas report water scarcity (Uwazi, 2010). Many Water service Providers in Kenya record unacceptable high Non-Revenue Water (NRW) levels. None ofRead MoreWhat Are The Possible Causes Of Halitosis?1760 Words   |  8 Pagesmeal constituents for their genuine halitosis, however diet is unlikely to produce long term oral malodour. The odorant compounds are found in the exhaled breath of all people, but amongst individuals from whom their concentration surpasses a certain level the scent becomes noticeable - thus halitosis has set in. The physiological category would encase 90% of genuine halitosis cases (Bartold, 2016).This category is also considered to be oscillatory; fluctuating with the presence and resolution of, specificallyRead MoreU.s. Investment Abroad And Foreign Direct Investment1896 Words   |  8 Pagesabroad and unemployment rate will have a positive relationship, while foreign direct investment and unemployment rate will have a negative relationship. It aims to test the significance of these two variable of interest while accounting for other factors that might be correlated with unemployment rate. The paper will first introduce some literature review on relevant topics to provide background information and scholarly analysis on the subject. The next section will introduce the multiple regressionRead More College Athletes Must be Held to the Same Standards as Full-Time Students2244 Words   |  9 Pagesresponsible, the Professor. Although institutions want their students equally treated, diversit y is well accepted. Existence as a college athlete contributes to diversity as well as a substantial amount of favoritism. Issues arise pertaining to how one may view an institution as well as the institution itself, due to an athlete’s gift. Though athletics contribute to a decrease in anxiety and stress, in some cases, facts show otherwise. Furthermore, every institution has a set of rules pertaining toRead MoreAccess And Misuse Of Funds Essay1945 Words   |  8 Pagesgreater percentage of the GDP to improve. EXAMINING EDUCATION Misuse of Funds Generally, there is a distrust as to whether public funds allocated to education fulfills its intended purpose. In the distribution of funds, a lot of it is lost and unaccounted for through it journeys to implementation. In a discussion about mismanagement of funds in Ghana, Schuyler Durham quoted the Institute of Fiscal Policy as saying, â€Å"the most common root of problems with public education is the irregularity and unpredictabilityRead MoreChile, Indonesia, And Turkey2202 Words   |  9 Pagesincreased equity and bond market volatility. Indonesia has also experienced exchange rate volatility given the recent declines in the value of the domestic currency (rupiah), negatively impacting foreign investor returns. Since the beginning of 2015 the rupiah has fallen 4.4% against the US Dollar highlighting it as one of the poorest performing emerging Asian currencies of late. This acts as a risk for investors given that growth in the economy is not translated into investor returns a s the lower exchangeRead MoreSSD2 Module 3 Notes22142 Words   |  89 Pagesnot time. 3. TRAIN TO STANDARD To reach an accepted proficiency level Mastery, it is the standard for training Achieving mastery is to perform tasks instinctively, regardless of condition Each individual and collective task has standards of performance. A standard is the accepted proficiency level required to accomplish a task. Mastery, the ability to perform the task instinctively, regardless of the conditions, is the desired level of proficiency. The units master tasks by limiting the number tasksRead MoreMalaysia Airlines-Strategic Management14526 Words   |  59 PagesAirline does provides domestic and international flight services, majority of the customers of Malaysia Airline are international flight customers. There are actually a few reasons why most people choose other airline services when flying domestic and one of the main reason is because the cost of the domestic flight for Malaysia Airline is relatively more expensive compared to Air-Asia or Berjaya-Air. Although flying with the other 2 airline company is cheaper but less comfortable, most of the people

How a Tree Grows - A Brief Overview

Little of a trees volume is actually living tissue. Just 1% of a tree is actually alive and composed of living cells. The major living portion of a growing tree is a thin film of cells just under the bark (called the cambium) and can be only one to several cells thick. Other living cells are in root tips, the apical meristem, leaves, and buds. The overwhelming portion of all trees is made up of non-living tissue created by a cambial hardening into non-living wood cells on the inner cambial layer. Sandwiched between the outer cambial layer and the bark is an ongoing process of creating sieve tubes which transport food from leaves to roots. So, all wood is formed by the inner cambium and all food-conveying cells are formed by the outer cambium. Apical Growth Tree height and branch lengthening begin with a bud. Tree height growth is caused by the apical meristem whose cells divide and elongate at the base of the bud to create upward growth in trees with a dominant crown tip. There can be more than one developing crown if a trees top is damaged. Certain conifers cannot produce these growth cells and height growth stops at the crown tip. Tree branch growth works in a similar way using buds at the apex of each twig. These twigs become the future branches of trees. Transfer of genetic material in the process will cause these buds to grow at determined rates, creating a tree species height and form. Tree trunk growth is coordinated with the increase of tree height and width. When buds begin opening in the early Spring, cells in the trunk and limbs get the signal to increase in girth by dividing and in height by elongating. Root Cap Growth Early root growth is a function of meristematic root tissue located near the tip of the root. The specialized meristem cells divide, producing more meristem called root cap cells which protect the meristem and undifferentiated root cells while pushing through the soil. The undifferentiated cells become the primary tissues of the developing root during elongation and the process that pushes the root tip forward in the growing medium. Gradually these cells differentiate and mature into specialized cells of the root tissues.

Immigration Essay - 998 Words

Valerie Gonzales Assistant Professor McCombs ENG 1301, Essay 1-Expressive, 22 October 12 Nation of Immigrants It is often said that America is a nation of immigrants. Generations have drifted to the United States in hope for opportunity and liberty, and have also helped this country become very wealthy. Many illegal immigrants left their country in hope for a greater life in America. These immigrants have brought their culture to the U.S. They have made a new America by changing economy, work and culture for the better. Immigration to the United States is a complicated analytical circumstance that has been a major reason for cultural change throughout much of the history of the United States and population†¦show more content†¦Immigrants bring new ideas and ambitious spirit to the U.S. economy. Immigrants can provide an overall gain to the domestic economy due to an increase in pay for higher- skilled workers, more efficiency and lower wages for some owners of capital, and lower prices for goods and services produced by immigrants. They provide businesses which increase America’s ability to trade and invest in the global economy. Immigrants maintain our economy adjustable, allowing U.S. producers to keep prices down and to acknowledge to changing consumer demands. The increase of labor means an increase in production, which provides more goods for the United States to sell. Immigrants allow the supply of goods to increase and the demand to go down, which helps our economy Most of the illegal immigrants usually move to the industrialized countries in hope for greater wages and increased standards of living. Illegal immigrants are victims when it comes to the work force. Because they are illegal, it is very rare that they can find good positions in big companies. Immigrants in the Unites States not only seek jobs but also increase demand for goods and services, thus providing incentives for business to invest in capital, expand operations and hire more workers. By immigrants providing cheap labor, consumers gain a little more money in their pockets. Immigrants work in low paying jobs which may be as low as $2 an hour. ImmigrantsShow MoreRelatedImmigration Essay831 Words   |  4 PagesImmigration has a significant impact on today’s society. Each year, more and more people from around the world decide to leave their home countries and move to a different place. Some argue that immigrants flood across borders, steal jobs, are a burden on taxpayer s and threaten indigenous culture. Others say the opposite: that immigration boosts economic growth, meets skill shortages, and helps create a more dynamic society. 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Although Roberto Rodriguez uses a personal approach to convey his message, Star Parker’s method of using real life facts andRead MoreEffects Of Immigration Essay1623 Words   |  7 Pages(Graphics not available) Immigration according to Merriam Webster dictionary is the act of entering a country in which one is not a native for permanent residence. With the exception of the American Indians, people living in America can trace their ancestry roots to a country outside of United States of America. According to Alan Allport, The United States has been a land of immigration for the past 200 years (Allport, 2005). 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Observing Non-Verbal Communication Free Essays

Non-verbal communication is the process of communicating that is characterized by the absence of words but rather communicating, sending and receiving messages via bodily language, styles, and symbols. I tried to observe this type of communication in the park with a particular male and female as a target subjects. A young man, possibly 20 yrs of age and a woman, more or less of the same age group, were ‘conversing’ in the park at 5 PM in the afternoon. We will write a custom essay sample on Observing Non-Verbal Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now I use the term ‘conversation’ loosely here. Using the concept of proxemics, parks would be classified under the group, public territory, but I note that, generally speaking, such places would have no control on the behavior of the people; people there would exceed territorial rights with regards to their behavior. Without thoughtful analysis, the first idea that had entered my head was that the man and the woman were in a relation but apparently I cannot make a concluding statement about this. Physical appearances suggest informal relations as suggested by their casual appearances. Both were wearing pants with the female wearing a pink tank top and the male wearing a faded statement shirt. There is a high possibility that their meeting was not business or work associated. I disregarded Monochromatic time schedule in favor of Poly-chronic time schedule since the subjects conversation and appearances were evidently personal. Kinesic communication of the subjects— facial expressions, body movements, gestures, and posture ­Ã¢â‚¬â€reveal one important thing; the subject’s conversation was neither intimate but rather harried, constrained and angry. There was an obvious lack of touch between the two which would denote ‘friendship’ or ‘love’. The woman was gesticulating her hands wildly, and at some point in time, she was waving her right hand at the right empty space indicating that she was ‘emphasizing’ something to the man. Her shoulders were not slumped but rather posed upwards indicating a highly constrained emotion. Her feet was braced apart and she walking around wildly. Her face was clearly angry; her brows were drawn together in a frown and most probably her nostrils were growing bigger or flaring up, with her irises dilating indicating, a high emotional state. The sides of her mouth were slanted downwards as she was talking clearly indicating a negative emotion. Her curly hair was moving with the movement of her mouth. Blood was rushing to her face which makes her face really look red indeed. When the male was talking, she was ‘rolling her eyes’, indicating mockery and disbelief to what the person was saying. She was intentionally trying or trying to appear like she was not listening to the other person was saying when she was looking away at the other direction. The male subject was equally angry. His stance, shoulders upwards were poised for a fight but he was defensive as indicated by the arms that were crossed high on his chest. When he was not talking, his lips were drawn in tight line and he was highly attentive what the female was saying because ‘he did not remove his eyes from her’. His eyes were in slits, indicating anger and at some point, he was also gesticulating his hands indicating that he was forcefully explaining something to the female. I observed that proxemics for the park as a space was clearly loosely defined as to the public territorial usage; the subjects were clearly using the space for ‘personal’ purposes. Movement and body position of my subjects hinges towards negative emotional responses, ost specially that of charged anger. The subjects exhibited negative attitudes, and mostly involuntary non-verbal communication. All messages transmitted between the two were conscous and deliberate and not subliminal; their conversation was intended to say something and both were equally aware of it. Bibliography Argyle, M. (1988). Bodily Communication. Madison: International UP. How to cite Observing Non-Verbal Communication, Essay examples

Facilitating and Rewarding Creativity During New Product Development

Question: Describe about the Facilitating and Rewarding Creativity During New Product Development? Answer: Introduction Numerous organizations globally are looking for approaches to create items all the more rapidly and effectively or to enhance existing items, are recasting their associations with suppliers all the time displaying their endeavors on methodologies embraced by world-class Japanese producers, for example, Toyota and Nissan. The favored Japanese practices incorporate utilizing less suppliers and manufacturing longer-term associations with them, goading suppliers to enhance constantly, and including suppliers in the outline and advancement of items. Those practices are being peered toward, as well, by suppliers all through the world that would like to win or expand business with expansive Japanese mechanical associations (Burroughs et al., 2011). Product Development Strategy Culture Factor Culture plays a role in product development in that it affects the management strategies of organizations as well as the planning and implementation. In looking at the two countries, culture will be compared as it delineates the way in which people act. A higher power separation: UK various leveled structures are typically level and it is normal that everybody has a voice, adds to choices, et cetera. This is reflected by the UK propensity for addressing and censuring bosses straightforwardly, and expecting that pioneers are obvious and available. In spite of the fact that Japan does not score as high as other Asian nations in power separation, to a UK the distinction will be striking subsequent to: various leveled positions have a far more noteworthy significance than they are ordinarily used to (all the more on this in later posts), choices are less equitable, wage contrasts are more prominent, etc. A lower level of independence: Although the Japanese national society scores respectably here (and shows approximately inclinations towards both independence and cooperation), a UK will discover the Japanese to be more gathering focused and place more accentuation on agreement of the gathering. This is additionally reflected in the correspondence style, where the UK people are significantly more straightforward, highlighting the needs and needs of the person in what is said. By complexity, the Japanese will be more roundabout, because of a hesitance to influence bunch congruity. A far higher level of manliness: This is the most striking contrast. The UK society is a standout amongst the most female, underlining personal satisfaction, association, balance, and bargain. By differentiation, Japan is to a great degree aggressive (for the most part on a gathering level). This is something that is encouraged from an extremely youthful age and serves as the primary motivational calculate business, while in UK motivational components incorporate spare time and open to living. Making progress toward brilliance is at the center of Japanese qualities (Ward Sobek, 2014). A far higher level of instability shirking: This is another territory where the distinctions are amazingly purported. With a low vulnerability evasion record, the UK people are agreeable in indeterminate circumstances. They acknowledge that things change and consolidate them effortlessly into their work schedules et cetera. Moreover, there are fewer guidelines and the work circumstances are less organized. Japanese national society is precisely the inverse (Sipp, 2015). The Japanese have abhorrence towards vagueness and accentuate structure and codes of conduct. Supervisors are occupied with all the raw numbers, and a great deal of exertion is put into achievability studies (and so on.) with an end goal to recognize and take out danger elements. A higher level of long haul introduction: Japan is a long term arranged society, which takes a gander at the master plan and perspectives a singular's life as a short minute in time. In business, this means a far higher concentrate on long haul venture (e.g. in RD) instead of transient benefits. In Western nations, including UK, the center has a tendency to be more towards the short-term. Regularly, their plans of action, which oblige expansion of partner benefits, don't take into consideration the same long haul center that is basic in Japan (i.e. our supervisors have a tendency to get let go on the off chance that they don't create transient results). Competitive Advantages in Component Technologies Part innovations give the best chances to Japanese organizations to apply their assembling mastery to game changer, in light of the fact that the mechanical and electrical parts for most shopper items have long life cycles. Sony added to its CCD and Sharp its LCD in the mid-1980s. While outer configuration changes in item shading, shape, or highlights may happen like clockwork for items like Sony's Walkman or every year for items like Sharp's View-Cam, real enhancements in part innovations happen just every three to five years (Christensen, 2013). In the wake of creating key segment advancements, Japanese organizations have possessed the capacity to plan and present an extensive variety of items in view of those innovations. Tremendous commercial enterprises have advanced from improvement of parts for such items as PCs, VCRs, feature plates, and cell phones. Sharp, for instance, is applying LCD innovation for home amusement, sound hardware, home apparatuses, and therapeutic gear. Key parts with expansive applications give long haul development potential. Semiconductor and correspondences advances have been the premise for large portions of today's item advancements. Generally, these new items have made new market requests through a procedure of "innovation push." When Sharp's leader urged administrators to apply LCD innovation to their product offerings, he executed an innovation push technique (Cummings Worley, 2014). Competing in Next-Generation Components Each industry has its own "tenets of behavior" and systems for focusing on business sector fragments to animate piece of the pie development. Concerning high-volume electronic gathering, Japan's methodology has been to lower expenses, diminish size and weight, and enhance usefulness. These item requests have then created the guides for segment and bundling improvement (Dyer Song, 2015). Chips are one of the couple of segments that are still controlled by U.S. firms. The intricacy of incorporated circuit gadgets will generally twofold every gadget era, one era enduring around 18 months, bringing about a straight-line on a log scale. The semiconductor business sees no transient takeoff from this pattern. As an outcome, highlight size and determination of geometries utilized as a part of creation take after the same pattern, with highlight size diminishments of around 20% every segment era. In the meantime, expanded useful incorporation has lead to bigger chip sizes, which has obliged materials improvement for expanded wafer size and gear advancement for taking care of bigger wafers. The anticipated qualities of cutting edge IC segments permit planners to get ready for cutting edge items (Felker, Jomo Rasiah, 2013). By including expanded capacity with every segment era, chip architects give potential clients a more extensive scope of configuration capacities. Moore once expressed that while he didn't comprehend what individuals will do with the majority of the transistors being fabricated, he was sure that request will exist for expanded capacities, power, and velocity that give added configuration choices to the creative clients of these propelled segments. In reality, interest keeps on growing as new applications are created for every new part presentation or overhaul. Notwithstanding giving cutting edge complex guideline set chip (CISC) microchips, Intel gives a full scope of processors to fit an extensive variety of item applications from servers to journal PCs. The UK has overwhelmed the top of the line semiconductor gadget advertise by proceeding with such quick improvements (Gong, Irikura Suzuki, 2014). Better Assembly Equipment The objective of Japanese organizations included in hardware items rivalry is to meet client necessities. Of every client necessity, five appear to command: lower expense, higher dependability, better execution, longer life before battery energize, and lighter weight/littler size. Each of the five variables rely on upon a couple of key, "lower-tech" abilities identified with making more-incorporated segments; these thusly rely on upon great get together hardware that can put countless parts into littler and littler territories. With expanded segment thickness likewise comes an increment in the thickness of part get together. Matsushita's and Sharp's latest purchaser items have normal segment densities of 16 units every square centimeter. As clients look for littler, lighter-weight, more advanced items, weights mount for expanded part combination and higher-thickness gathering innovations. Sony's model TR1 camcorder was presented toward the end of 1992 with a segment thickness of 20 p arts every square centimeter, and its part thickness is required to achieve 30 segments every square centimeter (Helper Sake, 2012). New-Technology-Based Innovations versus Process-Based Improvements It has over and over been expressed that UK innovative work is driven by an innovation push, as opposed to Japanese innovative work, which is fundamentally determined by an item or business pull. There are, obviously, events when the innovation is practically undefined from the item determined by the innovation; chip innovation, for instance, is omnipresent to computerized hardware, however when alluding to an Intel '486 or Pentium, it is regularly the PC item that rings a bell. Hence innovation advancement can bring forth another item and, now and again, generate an entire new industry (Jingjing, Irikura Suzuki, 2012). At the point when another business sector is made around another item in view of another innovation, business interest is made generally by the clients' enthusiasm for the freshness of the item. As the business adds to, the innovation inventor can keep up business sector advantage by persistently upgrading the innovation and presenting more current and more enhanced items because of client requests. The item upgrades launched by rehashed presentation of new innovation keep rivals in a constant condition of playing "make up for lost time." If fruitful, the innovation pioneer catches a significant offer of the business much sooner than the opposition can react, and the pioneer can maintain that position the length of the item family keeps on being enhanced and takes care of client requests. Sony and Sharp are two Japanese firms that have market quality in view of presentation of inventive items (Jingjing, Irikura Suzuki, 2012). When all is said in done, the UK has since a long time ago worked under the conviction that innovation developments will, without anyone else, maintain mechanical development and business quality. New innovation and coming about new items frequently start in college or modern exploration research facilities. The all the more quickly the business sector builds up, the more prominent the point of interest for the innovation designer (Kawakami, Maclachlan Stringfellow, 2012). As opposed to this UK Research and development working situation, Japan has worked under the conviction that new innovation improvements must be centered around ceaselessly redesigning items to meet client requests for most astounding conceivable quality at least conceivable expense. The pioneer stays in front of the opposition by being quicker or less lavish in bringing out redesigned items. After some time, on the other hand, process innovation enhancements can frequently be a main figure whether or how quick item quality can be enhanced and expense decreased. Contingent upon the way of the item and its condition of business development, a forceful producer can detract the lead from the item or innovation pioneer and turn into a business sector titan. Matsushita did this in the VCR business, and Compaq gives off an impression of being doing this in the PC market (Lehmberg, Dhanaraj Funai, 2013). References: Burroughs, J. E., Dahl, D. W., Moreau, C. P., Chattopadhyay, A., Gorn, G. J. (2011). Facilitating and rewarding creativity during new product development. Journal of Marketing, 75(4), 53-67. Christensen, C. (2013). The innovator's dilemma: when new technologies cause great firms to fail. Harvard Business Review Press. Cummings, T., Worley, C. (2014). Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Dyer, B., Song, X. M. (2015). The relationship between strategy and conflict management: A Japanese perspective. In Proceedings of the 1995 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 126-132). Springer International Publishing. Felker, G., Jomo, K. S., Rasiah, R. (Eds.). (2013). Industrial technology development in Malaysia: industry and firm studies. Routledge. Gong, J., Irikura, N., Suzuki, S. (2014). New product development operational performance and its influential factors: cross-national comparison between Japan and China. Asian Journal of Management Science and Applications, 1(3), 237-260. Helper, S., Sake, M. (2012). Supplier relations in Japan and the United States: are they converging?. Sloan Management Review. Jingjing, G. O. N. G., Irikura, N., Suzuki, S. (2012, September). New Product Development Operational Performance and Its Influential Factors: Cross National Comparison Between Japan and China. In Proceedings of 2012 Asian Conference of Management Science and Applications (ACMSA2012). Kawakami, T., Maclachlan, D. L., Stringfellow, A. (2012). New venture performance in China, Japan, and the United States: The impact of formalized market information processes. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 29(2), 275-287. Lehmberg, D., Dhanaraj, C., Funai, A. (2013). What do we make of Japan? Myths and realities. Business Horizons, 56(2), 219-229. Sipp, D. (2015). Conditional Approval: Japan Lowers the Bar for Regenerative Medicine Products. Cell stem cell, 16(4), 353-356. Ward, A. C., Sobek II, D. K. (2014). Lean product and process development. Lean Enterprise Institute.